i. There is a need for stable and accountable national/organisational governance system over a sustained period of time for cybersecurity to have stronger correlation with development. As confidence and trust on doing business and moving workflow online reflect online security assurance, it is important to note that this is what sustains continuous investment on Internet enabled businesses and thus boost economic productivity necessary for increase in per capita income.

ii. Nations need to take their Cybersecurity maturity seriously and are encouraged to conduct regular self assessment. Key regulations, laws and conventions like the Malabo Convention should be signed and ratified without delay by African countries with machinery put it place for its follow-up implementation.

iii. Laws requiring disclosure of cyber-attacks and losses in corporate entities and individuals should be enacted to promote transparency and accountability towards improved effort at addressing the cybersecurity challenge. Mechanism should be put in place to make it easy for victims to report such cases. Example: Web app that enhances ease of reporting with free tips on how to prevent future attacks and recover from losses.

iv. Original Equipment Manufacturers and Vendors should uphold the principle of security by design that ensures that before an equipment is added to production, it prompts for a change in default pass-codes at the least.

v. As humans remain the weakest link in ensuring a working and effective cybersecurity framework in any organization, resources should be made available for cybersecurity capacity development at the lowest/mid-level of the education system.

vi. Data indicated that the Cybersecurity challenge relates to all nations. This implies that all nations need to collaborate especially under the auspices of the United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD[ https://unctad.org/topic/commission-on-science-and-technology-for-development/mandate]) which has the UN mandate through ECOSOC[ https://www.un.org/en/model-united-nations/economic-and-social-council] for global public policy issue; and Cybersecurity is a global public policy issue.